What percentage of sound radiated by submarines is estimated to go into bottom bounce?

The correct answer indicates that an estimated 87% of the sound radiated by submarines is accounted for by bottom bounce. In the context of underwater acoustics, bottom bounce refers to the phenomenon where sound waves reflect off the seafloor and can travel back into the water column. This process plays a significant role in how sound propagates in underwater environments, especially in shallow waters.

When submarines operate, the sound they emit can be influenced by a variety of factors such as water depth, bottom composition, and acoustic properties of the environment. A substantial portion of the sound energy can be redirected back to the ocean surface after bouncing off the seabed. This emphasizes the efficiency of sound propagation in underwater acoustics, particularly the manner in which sound interacts with boundaries like the ocean floor.

Recognizing that 87% is the estimate provided reflects extensive studies and measurements in submerged sound propagation. It highlights the challenges faced in submarine detection and survival tactics, as much of the sound generated can be returned towards the source, complicating acoustic surveillance operations.