Which type of bottom material is known to give the worst reflection for sound?

Clay is known to give the worst reflection for sound due to its unique acoustic properties. It has a finer texture and denser composition compared to other materials. When sound waves encounter clay, they tend to absorb a significant amount of energy rather than reflecting it. This absorption is primarily due to the small pore spaces found in clay, which allow sound waves to dissipate rather than bounce back.

Additionally, clay has a lower acoustic impedance than coarser materials like gravel or sand, further contributing to its ability to absorb sound energy. In oceanographic and acoustics contexts, this property makes clay-rich bottoms less reflective and more challenging for sonar systems and other acoustic applications, as signals may not return as strongly as those reflected from sand or gravel, which are more effective at bouncing sound waves back.

Understanding these material characteristics is critical for accurate interpretations in underwater acoustics and for optimizing sonar performance in different substrates.