Which water condition is associated with the least sound absorption?

The condition associated with the least sound absorption in water is a smooth sea surface. This is due to the fact that smoother surfaces result in less scattering of sound waves. When sound travels through water, disturbances at the surface can cause waves and turbulence that absorb and scatter sound.

In calm conditions, the water is less disturbed, allowing sound waves to travel more efficiently with minimal energy loss. Therefore, when the sea surface is smooth, the sound waves propagate with greater clarity and less attenuation compared to more turbulent surfaces.

Conversely, surfaces that are rough or choppy introduce imperfections and create additional interfaces, which can contribute to increased scattering and absorption of sound energy.