Which wave type is characterized by particles moving perpendicular to the wave direction?

The wave type characterized by particles moving perpendicular to the wave direction is indeed transverse waves. In transverse waves, such as those observed in water or electromagnetic waves, the motion of the oscillating particles occurs up and down while the wave itself propagates horizontally. This distinct movement allows for the transfer of energy in a direction that is perpendicular to the particle displacement.

Transverse waves can be visually represented as a series of peaks and troughs, reflecting the direction of particle motion versus the direction of wave travel. Understanding this property is fundamental in various fields, including oceanography and acoustics, as it influences how waves interact with different mediums and structures.

In contrast, longitudinal waves, such as sound waves, involve particle motion along the direction of wave propagation, which is why they exhibit a different behavior in terms of energy transfer and displacement patterns.